E(Environmental)

Scope of Reporting

Indicators are applied to the following worksites, by reporting year:

- 2022 : POSCO, 3 integrated steel mills
· POSCO, PT. KRAKATAU POSCO, POSCO YAMATO VINA, and POSCO Zhangjiagang Stainless

- 2023 : POSCO, 3 integrated steel mills, 2 re-rolling mills
· POSCO, PT. KRAKATAU POSCO, POSCO YAMATO VINA, and POSCO Zhangjiagang Stainless
· POSCO-Maharashtra and POSCO Thainox (newly added)

- 2024 : POSCO, 3 integrated steel mills, 4 re-rolling mills, 4 processing centers
· POSCO, PT. KRAKATAU POSCO, POSCO YAMATO VINA, POSCO Zhangjiagang Stainless, POSCO-Maharashtra, and POSCO Thainox
· POSCO-Mexico, POSCO-Vietnam, POSCO-CSPC, POSCO-CFPC, POSCO-MPPC, and POSCO India PC (newly added)

GHG Emissions

GHG Emissions	Unit	2022	2023	2024
Direct/Indirect GHG emissions (Scope 1&2) ¹⁾	tCO₂e	70,185,623	71,971,900	71,065,170
Direct emissions (Scope 1)	tCO₂e	68,305,993	70,588,012	69,665,353
Indirect emissions (Scope 2)	tCO₂e	1,879,630	1,383,895	1,399,825
GHG emissions intensity per crude steel production, Scope 1&2	tCO₂e/ton	2.05	2.02	2.03
Other indirect GHG emissions (Scope 3) ²⁾	tCO₂e	7,107,502	7,419,787	7,216,788
Upstream	tCO₂e	4,570,474	5,229,508	5,054,941
Purchase of raw materials and services ^①	tCO₂e	2,583,823	2,764,127	2,170,214
Investment of capital goods ^②	tCO₂e	857	563	939
Fuel and energy related activities (not included in Scope 1&2) ^③	tCO₂e	298,540	334,942	735,200
Transportation of purchased raw materials ^④	tCO₂e	1,537,143	1,926,052	1,949,126
Waste generated in operations ^⑤	tCO₂e	141,520	195,608	189,643
Employees’ business travels	tCO₂e	346	486	1,895
Employee commutes	tCO₂e	8,245	7,730	7,924
Downstream	tCO₂e	2,537,028	2,190,279	2,161,846
Transportation and distribution ^⑥	tCO₂e	489,786	26,936	28,695
Leased assets ^⑦	tCO₂e	1,888,240	1,974,893	1,935,128
Investments	tCO₂e	159,002	188,450	198,023

1) Discrepancies in the total of direct and indirect emissions (Scope 1&2) may occur due to the truncation of decimal points from each worksite’s reported emissions.
2) Boundaries for all categories: Pohang and Gwangyang Works (2022, 2023); All worksites (2024)
① Limited to purchased raw materials with the most direct impact on steel production, including iron ore, coal, and limestone, which together account for over 90% of total consumption
② Calculated based on POSCO’s 2024 asset acquisitions, covering selected worksite supplies and vehicles, using the carbon footprint of products certified under the Korean Environmental Product Declaration
③ Calculated using carbon footprint factors from the environmental label evaluation factors published by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) for energy consumed at the worksites
④ ⑥ Includes transportation emissions for certain sold products under upstream transportation, depending on delivery terms (i.e., whether POSCO bears the freight cost)
⑤ Refers to waste generated at worksites that was consigned for off-site treatment, based on data from the Korean government's waste management platform, Allbaro System
⑦ Calculated based on the Scope 1 and 2 emissions of the lime calcination plant leased by POSCO FUTURE M

GHG Emissions Verification (Scope 1&2) GHG Emissions Verification (Scope 3)

Energy

Energy	Unit	2022	2023	2024
Energy consumption ¹⁾	GJ	333,781,599	354,002,733	359,242,804
Energy directly consumed	GJ	319,078,303	342,940,165	348,022,726
Natural gas	GJ	30,750,384	45,697,279	60,987,933
By-product gas ²⁾	GJ	288,103,292	294,489,643	284,088,474
Kerosene	GJ	-	2,643	2,050
Gasoline	GJ	6,249	5,569	6,740
Diesel fuel	GJ	218,348	189,682	190,644
Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)	GJ	30	0	0
Propane	GJ	-	5,377	5,452
Other fuels ²⁾	GJ	-	2,549,972	2,741,433
Energy indirectly consumed ³⁾	GJ	14,703,073	11,062,333	11,219,131
Electricity ³⁾	GJ	14,618,973	10,837,975	10,963,428
Steam	GJ	84,100	224,358	255,703
Renewable energy consumed ³⁾	GJ	223	235	946
Energy intensity per crude steel production	GJ/ton	9.80	9.92	10.25

1)Refers to energy consumption, defined as the sum of K-ETS energy consumption and renewable energy consumption, excluding purchased renewable energy; applicable to Pohang and Gwangyang Works in 2022, and to all worksites in 2023 and 2024

2)2023 data adjusted to correct aggregation errors

3)2023 data revised to reflect changes in aggregation criteria; excludes purchased renewable energy; unit conversion factors applied to electricity and renewable energy

Environmental Certification

Environmental Certification	Unit	2022	2023	2024
Percentage of worksites with ISO 14001 certification	%	100	100	100
Worksites requiring ISO 14001	Site	2	2	2
Certified worksites with ISO 14001	Site	2	2	2
Percentage of worksites with ISO 50001 certification	%	100	100	100
Worksites requiring ISO 50001	Site	2	2	2
Certified worksites with ISO 50001	Site	2	2	2

Air

Air	Unit	2022	2023	2024
Emissions of air pollutants ¹⁾	ton	53,451	55,042	49,340
NOx	ton	27,653	27,685	23,909
SOx	ton	23,294	23,945	22,366
Dust	ton	2,504	3,413	3,065

1)2022 and 2023 data adjusted to reflect a change in the aggregation method (including subordinated items)

Waste

Waste	Unit	2022	2023	2024
Total waste generated	ton	19,116,690	19,523,970	20,203,736
Recycled	ton	18,787,157	19,242,999	19,951,274
Incinerated	ton	62,031	52,034	55,216
Landfilled	ton	267,470	228,633	197,074
Other ways	ton	32	304	171
Designated waste	ton	96,579	108,491	106,581
Recycled	ton	59,344	58,307	60,447
Incinerated	ton	16,546	8,691	9,383
Landfilled	ton	20,657	41,188	36,580
Other ways	ton	32	304	171
General waste	ton	19,020,111	19,415,479	20,097,155
Recycled ¹⁾	ton	18,727,813	19,184,692	19,890,828
Incinerated	ton	45,485	43,342	45,833
Landfilled	ton	246,813	187,445	160,494
Other ways	ton	0	0	0
Waste generated intensity per crude steel production	ton/ton	0.56	0.55	0.58
Percentage of waste recycled	%	98.3	98.6	98.8

1)2022 and 2023 data adjusted to correct aggregation errors (by including higher-level indicators)

Resource recycling

Resource recycling	Unit	2022	2023	2024
Blast furnace slag recycled ¹⁾	ton	9,467,776	9,427,376	10,448,585
Granulated slag recycled	ton	8,612,812	8,141,470	9,381,494
Air-cooled slag recycled	ton	854,964	1,285,906	1,067,091

1)2022 and 2023 data adjusted to reflect a change in the aggregation method (including subordinated items)

Water

Water(Pohang, Gwangyang)

Water(Pohang, Gwangyang)	Unit	2022	2023	2024
Total water withdrawal	ton	145,115,608	153,645,403	156,026,930
Municipal water	ton	0	0	0
Surface water	ton	108,957,548	115,497,855	119,307,357
Groundwater	ton	3,451,420	4,154,290	4,556,880
Desalinated water	ton	3,608,003	5,044,618	2,992,678
Reused municipal wastewater	ton	29,098,637	28,948,640	29,170,015
Total water withdrawal in regions with 'High' baseline water stress ¹⁾	ton	0	84,054,014	87,319,386
Total water withdrawal in regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress	ton	0	0	0
Total water withdrawal intensity per crude steel production	ton/ton	4.20	4.31	4.45
Total water consumed	ton	73,375,512	72,416,383	71,802,801
Total water consumed in regions with 'High' baseline water stress ²⁾	ton	0	38,181,117	37,013,437
Total water consumed in regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress	ton	0	0	0
Total wastewater discharge	ton	71,740,096	81,229,020	84,224,129
Total recycled/reused water	ton	44,625,210	40,390,660	37,206,622
Percentage of total recycled/reused water	%	23.5	20.8	19.3
Water pollutant discharged ³⁾
BOD	ton	191.114	203.841	193.728
T-N ⁴⁾	ton	684.976	668.257	879.314
T-P	ton	3.827	2.073	5.717
SS ⁴⁾	ton	134.747	134.238	160.598
TOC ⁵⁾	ton	-	288.780	343.460

1)2023 data adjusted to correct aggregation errors

2)2023 data adjusted to reflect a change in the aggregation method

3)2024 data subject to change based on the verification results of the Ministry of Environment (MOE)

4)2022 and 2023 data adjusted to reflect values finalized by the MOE since the previous year’s Sustainability Report disclosure

5)2022 TOC performance excluded due to the revision of the Enforcement Decree of the Water Environment Conservation Act, which changed the organic matter measurement index from COD to TOC and required replacement of TMS measuring equipment (WEMS-standard COD discharge recorded at 580.391 tons)

Water(Pohang)

Water(Pohang)	Unit	2022	2023	2024
Total water withdrawal	ton	-	69,591,389	68,707,544
Municipal water	ton	-	0	0
Surface water	ton	-	36,488,459	34,980,649
Groundwater	ton	-	4,154,290	4,556,880
Desalinated water	ton	-	0	0
Reused municipal wastewater	ton	-	28,948,640	29,170,015
Total water withdrawal in regions with 'High' baseline water stress	ton	-	0	0
Total water withdrawal in regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress	ton	-	0	0
Total water withdrawal intensity per crude steel production	ton/ton	-	4.79	5.13
Total water consumed	ton	-	34,235,266	34,789,364
Total water consumed in regions with 'High' baseline water stress	ton	-	0	0
Total water consumed in regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress	ton	-	0	0
Total recycled/reused water	ton	-	19,516,566	20,398,928
Percentage of total recycled/reused water	%	-	21.9	22.9

Water(Gwangyang)

Water(Gwangyang)	Unit	2022	2023	2024
Total water withdrawal	ton	-	84,054,014	87,319,386
Municipal water	ton	-	0	0
Surface water	ton	-	79,009,396	84,326,708
Groundwater	ton	-	0	0
Desalinated water	ton	-	5,044,618	2,992,678
Reused municipal wastewater	ton	-	0	0
Total water withdrawal in regions with 'High' baseline water stress	ton	-	84,054,014	87,319,386
Total water withdrawal in regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress	ton	-	0	0
Total water withdrawal intensity per crude steel production	ton/ton	-	3.98	4.03
Total water consumed	ton	-	38,181,117	37,013,437
Total water consumed in regions with 'High' baseline water stress ¹⁾	ton	-	38,181,117	37,013,437
Total water consumed in regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress	ton	-	0	0
Total recycled/reused water	ton	-	20,874,094	16,807,694
Percentage of total recycled/reused water	%	-	19.9	16.1

1)2023 data adjusted to reflect a change in the aggregation method

Environmental Management

Environmental Management	Unit	2022	2023	2024
Number of incidents of non-compliance with environmental laws ¹⁾	Case	9	8	12
Percentage of eco-friendly vehicles owned ²⁾	%	16.5	23.0	24.5
Number of eco-friendly vehicles owned	Unit	114	168	185
Total number of vehicles owned	Unit	690	735	754

1)2023 data adjusted to correct aggregation errors and duplicate aggregation

2)Sum of electronic vehicles (EVs), hydrogen vehicles, and hybrid vehicles (excluding heavy equipment vehicles); 2022 and 2023 data adjusted to correct aggregation errors (including subordinated items)

GHG Emissions (Domestic&Overseas)

GHG Emissions ¹⁾	Unit	2022		2023			2024
GHG Emissions ¹⁾	Unit	POSCO	Integrated Mill	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill ²⁾	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill, Processing Center
Direct/Indirect GHG emissions(Scope 1&2)	tCO₂e	70,185,623	8,412,126	71,971,900	8,383,419	315,115	71,065,170	8,174,071	581,439
Direct emissions(Scope 1)	tCO₂e	68,305,993	7,153,995	70,588,012	7,015,365	129,747	69,665,353	6,806,052	290,866
Indirect emissions(Scope 2)	tCO₂e	1,879,630	1,258,131	1,383,895	1,368,054	185,367	1,399,825	1,368,018	290,571
GHG emissions intensity ³⁾	tCO₂e/ton	2.05	1.90	2.02	1.97	N/A	2.03	1.93	N/A

1)2023 and 2024 GHG emissions of overseas subsidiaries not subject to third-party verification by a GHG verification agency

2)2023 data for re-rolling mill adjusted to correct aggregation errors (including subordinated items)

3)Re-rolling mills and processing centers excluded from intensity calculations as they do not produce crude steel

Energy (Domestic&Overseas)

Energy ¹⁾	Unit	2022		2023			2024
Energy ¹⁾	Unit	POSCO	Integrated Mill	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill, Processing Center
Energy consumption	GJ	333,781,599	38,794,427	354,002,733	38,163,868	3,486,048	359,242,804	37,671,934	7,303,823
Energy directly consumed	GJ	319,078,303	31,169,983	342,940,165	31,325,501	2,309,057	348,022,726	30,274,830	4,950,872
Coal ²⁾	GJ	-	455,618	0	578,042	0	0	489,121	0
Natural gas	GJ	30,750,384	5,056,149	45,697,279	5,506,875	2,286,575	60,987,933	5,480,678	4,909,729
By-product gas	GJ	288,103,292	25,479,428	294,489,643	25,067,682	0	284,088,474	24,110,656	0
Kerosene	GJ	-	-	2,643	0	0	2,050	0	0
Gasoline	GJ	6,249	0	5,569	0	162	6,740	0	5,515
Diesel fuel	GJ	218,348	177,131	189,682	171,830	19,483	190,644	192,350	29,302
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)	GJ	30	1,657	0	1,072	2,837	0	2,025	6,324
Propane	GJ	-	-	5,377	0	0	5,452	0	0
Other fuels	GJ	-	-	2,549,972	0	0	2,741,433	0	0
Energy indirectly consumed	GJ	14,703,073	7,616,815	11,062,333	6,827,143	959,017	11,219,131	7,385,398	2,111,205
Electricity	GJ	14,618,973	6,227,476	10,837,975	5,734,501	959,017	10,963,428	6,044,814	1,871,476
Steam	GJ	84,100	1,389,339	224,358	1,092,642	0	255,703	1,340,584	239,728
Renewable energy consumed	GJ	223	7,629	235	11,224	217,974	946	11,706	241,747
Energy intensity ³⁾ per crude steel production	GJ/ton	9.75	8.78	9.92	8.96	N/A	10.25	8.90	N/A

1)2022 and 2023 data adjusted to correct aggregation errors (including subordinated items)

2)Refers to energy consumption, excluding iron ore reductant reported as raw material

3)Re-rolling mills and processing centers excluded from intensity calculations as they do not produce crude steel

Environmental Certification (Domestic&Overseas)

Environmental Certification	Unit	2022		2023			2024
Environmental Certification	Unit	POSCO	Integrated Mill	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill, Processing Center
Percentage of worksites with ISO 14001 certification	%	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	93
Worksites requiring ISO 14001 certification	Site	2	3	2	3	2	2	3	14
Certified worksites with ISO 14001	Site	2	3	2	3	2	2	3	13

Air (Domestic&Overseas)

Air	Unit	2022		2023			2024
Air	Unit	POSCO ¹⁾	Integrated Mill	POSCO ¹⁾	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill ²⁾	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill, Processing Center
Emissions of air pollutants	ton	53,451	13,081	55,042	13,376	N/A	49,340	12,700	465
NOx	ton	27,653	6,539	27,685	6,607	N/A	23,909	6,204	369
SOx	ton	23,294	4,548	23,945	4,736	N/A	22,366	4,808	11
Dust	ton	2,504	1,994	3,413	2,031	N/A	3,065	1,688	84

1)2022 and 2023 data adjusted to reflect a change in the aggregation method (including subordinated items)

2)POSCO-Maharashtra and POSCO Thainox excluded from total air pollutant emissions, as their emissions are measured using concentration standards (ppm) in accordance with country-specific regulations

Waste (Domestic&Overseas)

Waste ¹⁾	Unit	2022		2023			2024
Waste ¹⁾	Unit	POSCO	Integrated Mill	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill, Processing Center
Total waste generated	ton	19,116,690	2,317,573	19,523,970	2,247,683	76,251	20,203,736	2,213,506	149,705
Recycled	ton	18,787,157	2,298,264	19,242,999	2,223,646	62,450	19,951,274	2,196,635	131,080
Incinerated	ton	62,031	4,764	52,034	5,112	256	55,216	5,243	2,526
Landfilled	ton	267,470	16	228,633	0	2,590	197,074	0	4,592
Other ways	ton	32	14,516	304	18,926	10,955	171	11,628	11,507
Designated waste	ton	96,579	434,360	108,491	464,957	65,126	106,581	496,674	71,466
Recycled	ton	59,344	418,759	58,307	444,934	60,192	60,447	483,944	62,789
Incinerated	ton	16,546	1,069	8,691	1,098	256	9,383	1,102	2,526
Landfilled	ton	20,657	16	41,188	0	2,555	36,580	0	3,753
Other ways	ton	32	14,516	304	18,926	2,123	171	11,628	2,397
General waste	ton	19,020,111	1,883,199	19,415,479	1,782,726	11,125	20,097,155	1,716,832	78,239
Recycled	ton	18,727,813	1,879,505	19,184,692	1,778,712	2,257	19,890,828	1,712,691	68,291
Incinerated	ton	45,485	3,695	43,342	4,014	0	45,833	4,141	0
Landfilled	ton	246,813	0	187,445	0	36	160,494	0	840
Other ways	ton	0	0	0	0	8,832	0	0	9,110
Waste generated intensity ²⁾ per crude steel production	ton/ton	0.56	0.52	0.55	0.53	N/A	0.58	0.52	N/A
Percentage of waste recycled	%	98.3	99.2	98.6	98.9	81.9	98.8	99.2	87.6

1)2022 and 2023 data adjusted to correct aggregation errors (including subordinated items)

2)Re-rolling mills and processing centers excluded from intensity calculations as they do not produce crude steel

Water (Domestic&Overseas)

Water	Unit	2022		2023			2024
Water	Unit	POSCO	Integrated Mill	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill	POSCO	Integrated Mill	Re-Rolling Mill, Processing Center
Total water withdrawal	ton	145,115,608	13,708,923	153,645,403	15,115,560	2,051,931	156,026,930	14,794,159	3,405,962
Municipal water	ton	0	9,536,820	0	10,825,856	2,051,931	0	10,666,070	3,392,906
Surface water	ton	108,957,548	4,172,103	115,497,855	4,289,704	0	119,307,357	4,128,089	0
Groundwater	ton	3,451,420	0	4,154,290	0	0	4,556,880	0	13,056
Desalinated water	ton	3,608,003	0	5,044,618	0	0	2,992,678	0	0
Reused municipal wastewater	ton	29,098,637	0	28,948,640	0	0	29,170,015	0	0
Total water withdrawal in regions with 'High' baseline water stress ¹⁾	ton	0	0	84,054,014	9,685,311	518,177	87,319,386	9,395,856	646,033
Total water withdrawal in regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress	ton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,465
Total water withdrawal intensity ²⁾ per crude steel production	ton/ton	4.24	3.10	4.31	3.55	N/A	4.45	3.49	N/A
Total water consumed	ton	73,375,512	10,036,479	72,416,383	11,355,436	1,697,599	71,802,801	10,720,508	2,484,642
Total water consumed in regions with 'High' baseline water stress ³⁾	ton	0	0	38,181,117	7,270,732	163,845	37,013,437	6,674,782	305,494
Total water consumed in regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress	ton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,902
Total wastewater discharge	ton	71,740,096	3,672,444	81,229,020	3,760,124	354,332	84,224,129	4,123,651	921,320
Total recycled/reused water	ton	44,625,210	1,796,870	40,390,660	1,669,314	750,455	37,206,622	1,948,296	1,173,019
Percentage of total recycled/reused water	%	23.5	11.6	20.8	9.9	26.8	19.3	11.6	25.6

1)2023 data adjusted to correct aggregation errors

2)Re-rolling mills and processing centers excluded from intensity calculations as they do not produce crude steel

3)2023 POSCO data adjusted to reflect a change in the aggregation method

Scope of Reporting

Domestic Worksites

GHG Emissions

Energy

Environmental Certification

Air

Waste

Resource recycling

Water

Water(Pohang, Gwangyang)

Water(Pohang)

Water(Gwangyang)

Environmental Management

Domestic and Overseas Subsidiaries

GHG Emissions (Domestic&Overseas)

Energy (Domestic&Overseas)

Environmental Certification (Domestic&Overseas)

Air (Domestic&Overseas)

Waste (Domestic&Overseas)

Water (Domestic&Overseas)