E(Environmental)

    Reporting Boundary

    Metrics are applied to the following entities, by reporting year,
    and cover 100% of domestic and overseas crude steel-producing entities.


    2023: POSCO, 3 integrated steel mills, 2 re-rolling mills
      · POSCO, PT. KRAKATAU POSCO, POSCO YAMATO VINA, POSCO Zhangjiagang Stainless, POSCO-Maharashtra, and POSCO Thainox

    2024: POSCO, 3 integrated steel mills, 4 re-rolling mills, 4 processing centers
      · POSCO, PT. KRAKATAU POSCO, POSCO YAMATO VINA, POSCO Zhangjiagang Stainless, POSCO-Maharashtra, POSCO Thainox,
         POSCO-Mexico, POSCO-Vietnam, POSCO-CSPC, POSCO-CFPC, POSCO-MPPC, and POSCO India PC

    2025: POSCO, 2 integrated steel mills1), 4 re-rolling mills, 4 processing centers
      · POSCO, PT. KRAKATAU POSCO, POSCO YAMATO VINA, POSCO-Maharashtra, POSCO Thainox,
        POSCO-Mexico, POSCO-Vietnam, POSCO-CSPC, POSCO-CFPC, POSCO-MPPC, and POSCO India PC
       

    1)Excluded from the consolidated steel segment from 2025 due to the divestment

    Domestic Worksites

    GHG Emissions

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    GHG emissions(Scope 1&2)1) tCO2e 71,971,900 71,065,170 69,846,050
    GHG emissions(Scope 1) tCO2e 70,588,012 69,665,353 68,443,247
    GHG emissions(Scope 2) tCO2e 1,383,895 1,399,825 1,402,809
    Direct/Indirect GHG emissions intensity(Scope 1,2) per steel product tCO2e/ton 2.02 2.03 2.02
    Other indirect (Scope 3)2)3) tCO2e 7,419,787 7,216,788 7,548,124
    Other indirect (Scope 3-Upstream) tCO2e 5,229,508 5,054,941 5,362,863
    Transportation of purchased raw materials tCO2e 2,764,127 2,170,214 2,264,709
    Purchase or investment of capital goods tCO2e 563 939 695
    Fuel- and energy-related activities (not included in Scope 1 or Scope 2)  tCO2e 334,942 735,200 703,755
    Transportation of purchased raw materials tCO2e 1,926,052 1,949,126 2,198,631
    Waste generated in operations  tCO2e 195,608 189,643 185,989
    Employees’ domestic/ overseas business travels tCO2e 486 1,895 4,028
    Employee commutes tCO2e 7,730 7,924 5,056
    Other indirect (Scope 3-Downstream) tCO2e 2,190,279 2,161,846 2,185,263
    Transportation and distribution  tCO2e 26,936 28,695 69,857
    Leased assets  tCO2e 1,974,893 1,935,128 1,922,267
    Investments tCO2e 188,450 198,023 193,139
    1)  The sum of emissions by business site may differ from the reported total, as Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions are aggregated after truncation of decimal places
         at the site level.
    2) Total Scope 3 emissions are calculated as the sum of emissions across all applicable categories and may therefore differ from the aggregate of upstream and
         downstream Scope 3 emissions.
    3) The calculation boundary covers Pohang and Gwangyang Works in 2023 and all business sites from 2024 onward.
          Limited to purchased raw materials with the greatest impact on steel production, including iron ore, coal, and limestone, which together account
              for more than 90% of total raw material consumption.
          From 2024 onward, emissions associated with certain supplies and vehicles acquired as POSCO assets are calculated using product carbon footprint data 
              certified under Korea’s Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) program.
          Emissions from energy consumed at business sites are calculated using carbon footprint factors from the Environmental Product Declaration assessment
              factors published by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI).
         ④,⑥ Transportation emissions associated with certain sold products are included in upstream transportation and distribution, depending on the applicable
                  delivery terms and freight payment responsibility.
          Emissions are calculated based on the amount of waste generated at business sites and treated outside the organizational boundary, using data from Allbaro,
              Korea’s national waste management system.
          Emissions are calculated based on Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions from the lime calcination facility leased by POSCO FUTURE M and classified as a leased asset."

    Energy

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    Total direct/indirect energy consumption1) GJ 354,002,733 359,242,804 349,767,923
    Direct energy GJ 342,940,165 348,022,726 338,499,949
    Natural gas GJ 45,697,279 60,987,933 57,509,179
    By-product gas 2) GJ 294,489,643 284,088,474 279,431,138
    Lamp oil GJ 2,643 2,050 2,694
    Gasoline GJ 5,569 6,740 5,872
    Diesel GJ 189,682 190,644 183,906
    Diesel fuel (vehicles) GJ 0 0 678
    Propane GJ 5,377 5,452 5,851
    Other fuel GJ 2,549,972 2,741,433 1,360,632
    Indirect energy3) GJ 11,062,333 11,219,131 11,266,893
    Electricity 3) GJ 10,837,975 10,963,428 10,990,432
    Steam GJ 224,358 255,703 276,461
    Percentage of natural gas consumption % 12.9 16.9 16.4
    Percentage of electricity consumption % 3.1 3.1 3.2
    Renewable energy consumption4) GJ 235 946 1,082
    Renewable energy transition rate5) % 0.001 0.0002 0.013
    Energy intensity per crude steel output GJ/ton 9.9 10.3 10.1

    1)Energy consumption is calculated on a company-wide basis using data disclosed in the Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption Statement, excluding renewable energy purchases. Minor discrepancies may occur due to the aggregation of figures after truncation of decimal places.

    2)At POSCO, coal is used as a reducing agent in the ironmaking process and is therefore excluded from energy consumption. Process-generated gas used as an energy source is included in by-product gas consumption.

    3)Electricity consumption is converted to energy consumption using a factor of 3.6 GJ/MWh, which represents the conversion factor for electricity consumed by the final energy user. Total electricity consumption excludes renewable electricity purchases and self-generated electricity.

    4)Self-generated and self-consumed renewable energy, including rooftop solar photovoltaic systems and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), is converted from MWh to GJ using a factor of 3.6 GJ/MWh.

    5)The renewable energy utilization rate is calculated by dividing total renewable energy use and purchases, including Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) and Green Premium purchases, by total energy consumption."

    Pollutant

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    Emissions of air pollutants1)2) ton 55,042 49,363 53,906
    NOx2) ton 27,685 23,899 25,798
    SOx2) ton 23,945 22,392 25,090
    Dust2) ton 3,413 3,072 3,019
    Water pollutant discharged



    TOC2) ton 289 344 371
    BOD2) ton 204 193 227
    SS ton 134 161 216
    T-N2) ton 668 882 1,022
    T-P2) ton 2 6 20

    1)Calculated based on emissions from sites subject to mandatory disclosure of pollutant emissions information (for domestic sites: based on sites subject to the Ministry of Environment’s Operating Regulations for the Environmental Information Disclosure System)

    2)The data for 2024 has been revised in accordance with the finalization of official government data.

    Water(Pohang, Gwangyang)

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    Total water withdrawal ton 153,645,403 156,026,930 159,022,195
    Freshwater ton 0 0 0
    Surface water ton 115,497,855 119,307,357 123,138,088
    Groundwater ton 4,154,290 4,556,880 4,167,560
    Desalinated water ton 5,044,618 2,992,678 3,051,884
    Municipal sewage treatment water ton 28,948,640 29,170,015 28,664,663
    Water withdrawn from regions with 'High' baseline water stress1) ton 84,054,014 87,319,386 89,090,409
    Water withdrawn from regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress1) ton 0 0 0
    Percentage of water consumed in regions with 'High' or 'Extremely High' baseline water stress (%) % 55 56 56
    Total water withdrawal intensity per crude steel output ton/ton 4.3 4.5 4.6
    Total water consumed ton 72,416,383 71,802,801 75,768,379
    Water consumed from regions with 'High' baseline water stress1) ton 38,181,117 37,013,437 39,431,219
    Water consumed from regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress1) ton 0 0 0
    Percentage of water consumed in regions with 'High' or 'Extremely High' baseline water stress % 52.7 51.5 52.0
    Total water discharged2) ton 81,229,020 84,224,129 83,253,816
    Total recycled/reused water ton 40,390,660 37,206,622 39,361,100
    Percentage of total recycled/reused water3) % 20.8 19.3 19.8

    1)Calculated based on the Water Stress Map of WRI (World Resources Institute) Aqueduct 4.0, as of May 2026

    2)Total water treated on-site and discharged, plus water treated by third-party contractors

    3) Ratio of total recycled and reused water to total water withdrawal

    Water(Pohang)
    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    Total water withdrawal ton 69,591,389 68,707,544 69,931,786
    Freshwater ton 0 0 0
    Surface water ton 36,488,459 34,980,649 37,099,563
    Groundwater ton 4,154,290 4,556,880 4,167,560
    Desalinated water ton 0 0 0
    Municipal sewage treatment water ton 28,948,640 29,170,015 28,664,663
    Water withdrawn from regions with 'High' baseline water stress 1) ton 0 0 0
    Water withdrawn from regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stres1) ton 0 0 0
    Percentage of water consumed in regions with 'High' or 'Extremely High' baseline water stress % 0 0 0
    Total water withdrawal intensity per crude steel output ton/ton 4.8 5.1 5.3
    Total water consumed ton 34,235,266 34,789,364 36,337,160
    Water consumed from regions with 'High' baseline water stress1) ton 0 0 0
    Water consumed from regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress1) ton 0 0 0
    Percentage of water consumed in regions with 'High' or 'Extremely High' baseline water stress % 0 0 0
    Total recycled/reused water ton 19,516,566 20,398,928 19,387,129
    Percentage of total recycled/reused water2) % 21.9 22.9 21.7

    1)Calculated based on the Water Stress Map of WRI (World Resources Institute) Aqueduct 4.0, as of May 2026

    2)Ratio of total recycled and reused water to total water withdrawal

    Water(Gwangyang)
    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    Total water withdrawal ton 84,054,014 87,319,386 89,090,409
    Freshwater ton 0 0 0
    Surface water ton 79,009,396 84,326,708 86,038,525
    Groundwater ton 0 0 0
    Desalinated water ton 5,044,618 2,992,678 3,051,884
    Municipal sewage treatment water ton 0 0 0
    Water withdrawn from regions with 'High' baseline water stress1) ton 84,054,014 87,319,386 89,090,409
    Water withdrawn from regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stres1) ton 0 0 0
    Percentage of water consumed in regions with 'High' or 'Extremely High' baseline water stress % 100 100 100
    Total water withdrawal intensity per crude steel output ton/ton 4.0 4.0 4.2
    Total water consumed ton 38,181,117 37,013,437 39,431,219
    Water consumed from regions with 'High' baseline water stress1) ton 38,181,117 37,013,437 39,431,219
    Water consumed from regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress1) ton 0 0 0
    Percentage of water consumed in regions with 'High' or 'Extremely High' baseline water stress % 100 100 100
    Total recycled/reused water ton 20,874,094 16,807,694 19,973,971
    Percentage of total recycled/reused water2) % 19.9 16.1 18.3

    1)Calculated based on the Water Stress Map of WRI (World Resources Institute) Aqueduct 4.0, as of May 2026

    2)Ratio of total recycled and reused water to total water withdrawal

    Waste

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    Total waste generated ton 19,523,970 20,203,736 19,889,975
    Total waste recycled ton 19,242,999 19,951,274 19,619,551
    Total waste incinerated ton 52,034 55,216 55,744
    Total waste landfilled ton 228,633 197,074 214,008
    Total waste disposed in other ways ton 304 171 671
    Hazardous waste generated ton 108,491 106,581 113,247
    Hazardous waste recycled ton 58,307 60,447 66,279
    Hazardous waste incinerated ton 8,691 9,383 9,748
    Hazardous waste landfilled ton 41,188 36,580 36,924
    Hazardous waste disposed in other ways ton 304 171 296
    Non-hazardous waste generated ton 19,415,479 20,097,155 19,776,728
    Non-hazardous waste recycled
    ton 19,184,692 19,890,828 19,553,273
    Non-hazardous waste incinerated ton 43,342 45,833 45,996
    Non-hazardous waste landfilled ton 187,445 160,494 177,085
    Non-hazardous waste disposed in other ways ton 0 0 375
    Non-hazardous waste generated intensity per crude steel output ton/ton 0.55 0.58 0.58
    Percentage of total waste recycled % 98.6 98.8 98.6

    Resource Circulation

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    Blast furnace slag recycled ton 9,427,376 10,448,585 10,201,973
    Granulated slag recycled ton 8,141,470 9,381,494 8,727,061
    Air-cooled slag recycled ton 1,285,906 1,067,091 1,474,912

    Environmental Management

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    Percentage of EMS (ISO 14001) certified1) % 100 100 100
    Worksites requiring EMS (ISO 14001) certification 2 2 2
    Certified worksites with EMS (ISO 14001) 2 2 2
    Percentage of EMS (ISO 50001) certified1) % 100 100 100
    Worksites requiring EMS (ISO 50001) certification 2 2 2
    Certified worksites with EMS (ISO 50001) 2 2 2
    Number of incidents of non-compliance with environmental laws 8 12 6
    Percentage of eco-friendly vehicles owned2) % 23 25 26
    Number of eco-friendly vehicles owned 168 185 214
    Total number of vehicles owned 735 754 832

    1) Business sites that are subject to environmental regulations―including total pollutant load management and TMS installation―and fall under Types 1 to 3 for air and/or water pollutant emissions, as defined internally

    2)Total number of electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and hybrid vehicles (excluding heavy equipment)

    Domestic & Overseas Worksites

    GHG Emission (Domestic & Overseas Worksites)

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    GHG emissions
    (Scope 1&2)1)
    tCO2e 71,971,9008,383,419315,11571,065,1708,174,071581,43969,846,0507,187,406522,024
    GHG emissions
    (Scope 1)
    tCO2e 70,588,012 7,015,365 129,747 69,665,353 6,806,052 290,866 68,443,247 6,416,236 264,988
    GHG emissions
    (Scope 2)
    tCO2e 1,383,895 1,368,054 185,367 1,399,825 1,368,018 290,571 1,402,809 771,170 257,037
    Direct/Indirect GHG emissions intensity(Scope 1,2) per steel product2) tCO2e/ton 2.02 1.97 N/A 2.03 1.93 N/A 2.02 2.12 N/A

    1)Emissions from overseas subsidiaries are not subject to third-party verification by a greenhouse gas verification agency

    2)Re-Rolling Mills and Processing Centers do not produce crude steel and are therefore excluded from the calculation of intensity values

    Energy(Domestic & Overseas Worksites)

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    Total direct/indirect energy consumption  GJ 354,002,733 38,163,868 3,486,048 359,242,804 37,671,934 7,303,823 349,767,923 29,643,334 7,120452
    Direct energy GJ 342,940,165 31,325,501 2,309,057 348,022,726 30,274,830 4,950,872 338,499,949 26,168,439 4,727,526
    Coal 1) GJ 0 578,042 0 0 489,121 0 - 322,648 0
    Natural gas GJ 45,697,279 5,506,875 2,286,575 60,987,933 5,480,678 4,909,729 57,509,179 1,812,140
    4,687,762
    By-product gas  GJ 294,489,643 25,067,682 0 284,088,474 24,110,656 0 279,431,138 23,891,015 0
    Lamp oil GJ 2,643 0 0 2,050 0 0 2,694 0 0
    Gasoline GJ 5,569 0 162 6,740 0 5,515 5,872 0 5,338
    Diesel GJ 189,682 171,830 19,483 190,644 192,350 29,302 183,906 141,072 28,476
    LPG GJ 0 1,072 2,837 0 2,025 6,324 678 1,564 5,949
    Propane GJ 5,377 0 0 5,452 0 0 5,851 0 0
    Other fuel  GJ 2,549,972 0 0 2,741,433 0 0 1,360,632 0 0
    Indirect energy GJ 11,062,333 6,827,143 959,017 11,219,131 7,385,398 2,111,205 11,266,893 3,469,231 1,980,658
    Electricity GJ 10,837,975 5,734,501 959,017 10,963,428 6,044,814 1,871,476 10,990,432 2,527,032 1,673,292
    Steam GJ 224,358 1,092,642 0 255,703 1,340,584 239,728 276,461 942,199 307,367
    Renewable energy consumption GJ 235 11,224 217,974 946 11,706 241,747 1,082 5,664 412,268
    Energy intensity per crude steel output2) GJ/ton 9.9 9.0 N/A 10.3 8.9 N/A 10.1 8.8 N/A

    1)Reported as a reducing agent for iron ore, with raw materials excluded from energy consumption calculations

    2) Re-Rolling Mills and Processing Centers do not produce crude steel and are therefore excluded from the calculation of intensity values

    Pollutant (Domestic & Overseas Worksites)

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    Emissions of air pollutants ton 55,04213,376N/A49,36312,70046553,90610,955233
    NOx ton 27,685 6,607 N/A 23,899 6,204 369 25,798 4,471 165
    SOx ton 23,945 4,736 N/A 22,392 4,808 11 25,090 2,814 8
    Dust ton 3,413 2,031 N/A 3,072 1,688 84 3,019 3,670 60

    1)POSCO Maharashtra and POSCO Thainox are excluded from total air pollutant emissions, as emissions are reported under country-specific concentration-based standards (ppm)

    2) The data for 2024 has been revised in accordance with the finalization of official government data.

    Water (Domestic & Overseas Worksites)

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    Total water withdrawal ton 153,645,403 15,115,560 2,051,931 156,026,930 14,794,159 3,405,962 159,022,195 9,501,665 3,428,190
    Freshwater ton 010,825,8562,051,931010,666,0703,392,90609,501,6653,414,395
    Surface water ton 115,497,855 4,289,704 0 119,307,357 4,128,089 0 123,138,088 0 0
    Groundwater ton 4,154,290 0 0 4,556,880 0 13,056 4,167,560 0 11,545
    Desalinated water ton 5,044,618 0 0 2,992,678 0 0 3,051,884 0 0
    Municipal sewage treatment water ton 28,948,640 0 0 29,170,015 0 0 28,664,663 0 2,251
    Water withdrawn from regions with 'High' baseline water stress ton 84,054,014 9,685,311 518,177 87,319,386 9,395,856 646,033 89,090,409 8,863,505 1,916
    Water withdrawn from regions with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress ton 0 0 0 0 0 55,465 0 0 46,947
    Total water withdrawal intensity per crude steel output1) ton/ton 4.3 3.6 N/A 4.5 3.49 N/A 4.6 2.8 N/A
    Total water consumed ton 72,416,383 11,355,436 1,697,599 71,802,801 10,720,508 2,484,642 75,768,379 6,829,937 2,453,383
    Total water consumed in locations with 'High' baseline water stress ton 38,181,117 7,270,732 163,845 37,013,437 6,674,782 305,494 39,431,219 6,220,989 386
    Total water consumed in locations with 'Extremely High' baseline water stress ton 0 0 0 0 0 51,902 0 0 37,200
    Total water dischargedton 81,229,020 3,760,124 354,332 84,224,129 4,123,651 921,320 83,253,816 2,671,728 974,807
    Total recycled/reused water ton 40,390,660 1,669,314 750,455 37,206,6221,949,296 1,173,019 39,361,100 1,813,524 1,192,988
    Percentage of total recycled/reused water % 20.8 9.9 26.8 19.3 11.6 25.6 19.8 16.0 25.8

    1)Re-Rolling Mills and Processing Centers do not produce crude steel and are therefore excluded from the calculation of intensity values

    Waste (Domestic & Overseas Worksites)

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    Total waste generated ton 19,523,970 2,247,683 76,251 20,203,736 2,213,506 149,705 19,889,975 1,869,613 185,916
    Total waste recycledton 19,242,999 2,223,646 62,450 19,951,274 2,196,635 131,080 19,619,551 1,868,475 168,122
    Total waste incinerated ton 52,034 5,112 256 55,216 5,243 2,526 55,744 1,081 2,491
    Total waste landfilled ton 228,633 0 2,590 197,074 0 4,592 214,008 0 4,074
    Total waste disposed in other ways ton 304 18,926 10,955 171 11,628 11,507 671 58 11,228
    Hazardous waste generatedton 108,491 464,957 65,126 106,581 496,674 71,466 113,247 397,285 78,741
    Hazardous waste recycled ton 58,307 444,934 60,192 60,447 483,944 62,789 66,279 396,384 70,854
    Hazardous waste incinerated ton 8,691 1,098 256 9,383 1,102 2,526 9,748 843 2,491
    Hazardous waste landfilled ton 41,188 0 2,555 36,580 0 3,753 36,924 0 3,273
    Hazardous waste disposed in other ways ton 304 18,926 2,123 171 11,628 2,397 296 58 2,123
    Non-hazardous waste generatedton 19,415,479 1,782,726 11,125 20,097,155 1,716,832 78,239 19,776,728 1,472,328 107,175
    Non-hazardous waste recycled ton 19,184,692 1,778,712 2,257 19,890,828 1,712,691 68,291 19,553,273 1,472,091 97,269
    Non-hazardous waste incinerated ton 43,342 4,014 0 45,833 4,141 0 45,996 237 0
    Non-hazardous waste landfilled ton 187,445 0 36 160,494 0 840 177,085 0 801
    Non-hazardous waste disposed in other ways ton 0 0 8,832 0 0 9,110 375 0 9,105
    Non-hazardous waste generated intensity per crude steel output1) ton/ton 0.55 0.53 N/A 0.58 0.52 N/A 0.58 0.55 N/A
    Percentage of total waste recycled % 98.6 98.9 81.9 98.8 99.2 87.6 98.6 99.9 90.4

    1)Re-Rolling Mills and Processing Centers do not produce crude steel and are therefore excluded from the calculation of intensity values

    Environmental Management (Domestic & Overseas Worksites)

    Metric Unit 2023 2024 2025
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    POSCO Integrated
    Mill
    Re-Rolling
    Mill,
    Processing
    Center
    Percentage of EMS (ISO 14001) certified1) % 100 100 100 100 100 93 100 100 100
    Worksites requiring EMS (ISO 14001) certification Site 2 3 2 3 2 14 2 2 11
    Certified worksites with EMS (ISO 14001) Site 2 3 2 3 2 13 2 2 11

    1)Business sites that are subject to environmental regulations―including total pollutant load management and TMS installation―and fall under Types 1 to 3 for air and/or water pollutant emissions, as defined internally